Were Philip II of Spain and Galileo Galilei alive at the same time?
Yes. Philip II of Spain and Galileo Galilei were alive at the same time for 34 years, from 1564 to 1598.
Philip II of Spain was 36 when Galileo Galilei was born.
Galileo Galilei was 34 when Philip II of Spain died, aged 71.
Philip II of Spain
King of Spain, Portugal, Naples and Sicily; King consort of England, lived 1527-1598
Born 21 May 1527 · died 13 September 1598, aged 71